Halahala as the Metaphor of Ignorance and Inner Transformation in Upanishadic and Shaiva Philosophy

Abstract

This paper explores the profound symbolic significance of Halahala, the cosmic poison consumed by Lord Shiva during the Samudra Manthan (churning of the ocean), as interpreted through the lens of Upanishadic philosophy and Shaiva metaphysics. Far beyond mythological narrative, Halahala is understood here as a powerful metaphor for Avidya (ignorance), mental toxins, and the psychological resistance encountered during deep spiritual sadhana. By integrating the roles of Pranava Omkar (Om) and Shiva's containment of poison, the paper presents a holistic model of inner alchemy, wherein the yogic principle of Sākṣī Bhāva (witness-consciousness) enables the transformation of inner darkness into transcendent light. This re-reading of ancient symbolism offers practical insights into the process of self-realization and liberation (moksha).